粤港澳大湾区知识网络空间结构演化特征与影响机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高爽  王少剑  王泽宍 《热带地理》2019,39(5):678-688

以2000—2018年国内外期刊数据库合作论文数据为基础,借助社会网络分析和空间结构指数法分析了粤港澳大湾区知识空间网络结构演化特征与影响因素,结果发现：1）知识网络格局由广州的“一家独大”逐渐演变为广州、深圳、香港“齐头并进”的发展态势。香港虽然处于知识网络的核心位置,但受行政壁垒的影响,主要与广州、深圳高等级的城市建立紧密的知识合作联系。2）粤港澳大湾区知识联系网络呈现“核心—边缘”结构,西部地区知识联系远低于东部地区,虽然研究期内湾区的知识网络的极化特征得到一定的缓解,但不均衡性仍然显著。3）湾区知识活动主体的自身需求是促进城市间知识合作的内在驱动力,知识环境和知识联系通道是区域知识合作网络外在推动力,在内生作用和外生作用的共同影响下,知识合作产出得以实现,粤港澳大湾区知识网络得以发展。  相似文献   

Innovation-based urbanization: Evidence from 270 cities at the prefecture level or above in China     

Lyu  Lachang  Sun  Feixiang  Huang  Ru 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(8):1283-1299

Journal of Geographical Sciences - With the rapid development of knowledge economy, a number of important shifts are emerging in urbanization pattern across the world. Traditional urbanization...  相似文献   

对《地形测图》课程教学改革的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐景田  陈刚  汤建国 《北京测绘》2004,(3):59-61

针对当前测绘工程专业的发展现状和社会对测绘专业人才的需求,本文分析了地形测图课程教学改革的必要性,着重在课程教学改革的研究与实践、存在的问题等方面进行了深入的探讨。实践证明,通过深入开展地形测图课程教学改革的研究与实践,有效地推动了测绘工程专业的专业建设。  相似文献   

Profitability of fossil-fuel production under different instruments in international climate policies     

FINN ROAR AUNE  SNORRE KVERNDOKK  LARS LINDHOLT  KNUT EINAR ROSENDAHL 《Climate Policy》2013,13(1):60-72

This article discusses how different climate policy instruments such as CO₂ taxes and renewable energy subsidies affect the profitability of fossil-fuel production, given that a fixed global climate target shall be achieved in the long term. Within an intertemporal framework, the model analyses show that CO₂ taxes reduce the short-term profitability to a greater extent than technology subsidies, since the competition from CO₂-free energy sources does not become particularly noticeable until decades later. Due to, for example, the discounting of future revenues, most fossil-fuel producers prefer subsidies to their competitors rather than CO₂ taxes. However, this conclusion does not apply to all producers. Oil producers outside OPEC lose the most on the subsidizing of CO₂-free energy, while CO₂ taxes only slightly reduce their profits. This is connected to OPEC's role in the oil market, as the cartel chooses to reduce its extraction significantly in the tax scenario. The results seem to be consistent with the observed behaviour of important players in the climate negotiations.  相似文献   

Global climate policy and deep decarbonization of energy-intensive industries     

Max Åhman  Lars J. Nilsson  Bengt Johansson 《Climate Policy》2013,13(5):634-649

If we are to limit global warming to 2 °C, all sectors in all countries must reduce their emissions of GHGs to zero not later than 2060–2080. Zero-emission options have been less explored and are less developed in the energy-intensive basic materials industries than in other sectors. Current climate policies have not yet motivated major efforts to decarbonize this sector, and it has been largely protected from climate policy due to the perceived risks of carbon leakage and a focus on short-term reduction targets to 2020. We argue that the future global climate policy regime must develop along three interlinked and strategic lines to facilitate a deep decarbonization of energy-intensive industries. First, the principle of common but differentiated responsibility must be reinterpreted to allow for a dialogue on fairness and the right to development in relation to industry. Second, a greater focus on the development, deployment and transfer of technology in this sector is called for. Third, the potential conflicts between current free trade regimes and motivated industrial policies for deep decarbonization must be resolved. One way forward is to revisit the idea of sectoral approaches with a broader scope, including not only emission reductions, but recognizing the full complexity of low-carbon transitions in energy-intensive industries. A new approach could engage industrial stakeholders, support technology research, development and demonstration and facilitate deployment through reducing the risk for investors. The Paris Agreement allows the idea of sectoral approaches to be revisited in the interests of reaching our common climate goals.

Policy relevance

Deep decarbonization of energy-intensive industries will be necessary to meet the 2 °C target. This requires major innovation efforts over a long period. Energy-intensive industries face unique challenges from both innovation and technical perspectives due to the large scale of facilities, the character of their global markets and the potentially high mitigation costs. This article addresses these challenges and discusses ways in which the global climate policy framework should be developed after the Paris Agreement to better support transformative change in the energy-intensive industries.  相似文献   

Can Protection Motivation Theory predict pro-environmental behavior? Explaining the adoption of electric vehicles in the Netherlands     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Scholars have proposed that the Protection Motivation Theory provides a valuable framework to explain pro-environmental choices, by employing a wide set of predictors, such as the costs and benefits of current (maladaptive) behavior as well as prospective adaptive behavior. However, no comprehensive empirical tests of the Protection Motivation Theory in the slow onset environmental risk domain have been published yet to our knowledge. This paper aims at closing this gap. We first conceptualized the Protection Motivation Theory for the use in this environmental domain. Next, we present results of a questionnaire study among a large representative sample of Dutch drivers that showed that the Protection Motivation Theory is a relevant theory for modeling different indicators of full electric vehicle adoption. Notably, all theoretical antecedents proved to be significant predictors of different adoption indicators. Respondents were particularly more likely to adopt an electric vehicle when they perceived the negative consequences caused by conventional vehicles as more severe, and when they expected electric vehicles to decrease these consequences. The most important barriers for electric vehicle adoption were perceived high monetary and non-monetary costs of electric vehicles, and benefits associated with the use of a conventional vehicle. Interestingly, we found that environmental risks are more prominent in predicting close adoption indicators; while energy security risks are more prominent in predicting distant adoption indicators. As expected, our findings suggest that both collective concerns and individual concerns predict different indicators of adoption. Individual concerns (in particular perceived costs of driving an electric vehicle) played a more prominent role when predicting close measures of adoption, while collective concerns (e.g., perceived severity of environmental and energy security risks) played a somewhat more prominent role when predicting distant measures of adoption. Implications for research and practice are provided.  相似文献   

Climate policy innovation in the South – Domestic and international determinants of renewable energy policies in developing and emerging countries     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

This article attempts to disentangle the determinants of the adoption of renewable energy support policies in developing and emerging countries. By analyzing policies already implemented in industrialized countries, we focus on the diffusion but not the invention of climate-relevant policies. We look at four different types of policies (renewable energy targets, feed-in tariffs, other financial incentives and framework policies) and consider both domestic factors and international diffusion mechanisms utilizing a discrete-time events history model with a logit link on a self-compiled dataset of grid-based electricity policy adoption in 112 developing and emerging countries from 1998 to 2009. In general, we find stronger support for the domestic determinants of policy adoption, but also substantial influence of international factors. Countries with a larger population and more wealth have a higher probability of adopting renewable energy policies. Only in some specific cases do natural endowments for producing renewable energy encourage governments to adopt policies, and hydro power resources even correlate negatively with the adoption of targets. Among the international determinants, emulation from colonial peers and membership within the EU seem to facilitate policy adoption. International climate finance is less relevant, as the Global Environmental Facility and the Clean Development Mechanism may only increase the adoption of frameworks and targets, but they have no influence on tariffs and incentives.  相似文献   

The adoption of sustainable innovations: Driven by symbolic and environmental motives     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Critical to the environmental success of sustainable innovations is the adoption by consumers. The consensus is that instrumental shortcomings of sustainable innovations inhibit their adoption. However, we argue that the adoption of sustainable innovations does not exclusively depend on their instrumental attributes. In addition, people may be motivated to adopt sustainable innovations because of their positive environmental and symbolic attributes, that is, they benefit the environment and can be used to signal positive characteristics to oneself and others. We studied the significance of instrumental, environmental and symbolic attributes for the adoption of two sustainable innovations: electric cars (Study 1) and local renewable energy systems (Study 2), following two methods. Results showed that when asked directly, participants claimed that instrumental and environmental attributes are most important for their decision to adopt sustainable innovations, while symbolic attributes were rated as less important. Interestingly, evaluations of the symbolic and environmental attributes of sustainable innovations, but not evaluations of their instrumental attributes, predicted different indicators of adoption (i.e., interest in, the acceptability of, and intention to adopt these sustainable innovations), suggesting that the significance of symbolic motives for adopting sustainable innovations may not be recognized by consumers. Moreover, favorable evaluations of symbolic attributes particularly enhanced interest in and acceptability of sustainable innovation when participants evaluated the instrumental attributes more negatively, but not when instrumental attributes were evaluated relatively positively. This suggests that the instrumental drawbacks of sustainable innovations may sometimes strengthen their positive signal, which can promote interest in sustainable innovations.  相似文献   

Two steps forward,two steps back: The role of innovation in transforming towards community-based marine resource management in Solomon Islands     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

In many coastal nations, community-based arrangements for marine resource management (CBRM) are promoted by government, advocated for by non-government actors, and are seen by both as one of the most promising options to achieve sustainable use and secure inshore fisheries and aquatic resources. Although there is an abundant literature on what makes CBRM effective, is it less clear how CBRM is introduced or develops as an idea in a community, and the process of how the idea leads to the adoption of a new resource management approach with supporting institutions. Here we aim to address this gap by applying an explicit process-based approach drawing on innovation history methodology by mapping and analysing the initiation and emergence of CBRM in five fishing-dependent communities in Solomon Islands. We use insights from the literatures on diffusion of innovation and transformability to define phases of the process and help guide the inductive analysis of qualitative data. We show the CBRM institutionalisation processes were non-linear, required specific strategies to move from one phase to the next, and key elements facilitated or hindered movement. Building active support for CBRM within communities depended on the types of events that happened at the beginning of the process and actions taken to sustain this. Matching CBRM to known resource management ideas or other social problems in the community, developing legitimate institutions and decision-making processes, strong continual interactions between key actors and the rest of the community (not necessarily NGO actors), and community members witnessing benefits of CBRM, all contributed to the emergence and diffusion of CBRM in the communities, and helped to overcome barriers to transformative change.  相似文献   

地质勘查单位人事档案创新发展探析          下载免费PDF全文

李筱雯  张庆利 《山东国土资源》2014,30(8)

通过分析地质勘探单位人事档案的重要性,认为目前地质勘查单位人事档案管理工作存在人事档案管理制度不完善,人事信息收集不全,人事档案不够规范等问题。结合人事档案的现状和改革要求,认为人为因素、历史因素、自身因素等是影响地质勘查单位人事档案管理的主要原因,提出重视人事档案工作人员的培养、服务理念的创新、强调监督管理的重要性。做好地质勘查单位人事档案管理,要强化责任意识、加大工作力度和优化管理体系,逐步解决存在的问题。  相似文献